ASSOCIATION BETWEEN COPING MECHANISMS AND ADAPTIVE MODES IN ADULTS WITH HYPERTENSION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30867/aich.v3i1.1581Keywords:
Hypertension, coping mechanisms, adaptive modes, Roy Adaptation Model, cross-sectional studyAbstract
Background: Hypertension is a chronic condition requiring continuous adaptation to physiological and psychosocial changes. Within the Roy Adaptation Model, coping mechanisms are considered essential regulators of adaptive responses. However, evidence regarding the relationship between coping mechanisms and adaptive modes among adults with hypertension remains limited.
Objective: To examine the association between coping mechanisms and adaptive modes among adults with hypertension.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 adults with hypertension attending primary healthcare centers in Surabaya, Indonesia. Coping mechanisms and adaptive modes were assessed using researcher-adapted questionnaires based on the Roy Adaptation Model. Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).
Results: The participants had a mean age of 59.44 ± 11.12 years, and the mean duration of hypertension was 4.92 ± 5.26 years. More than half of the participants demonstrated high coping mechanisms (53.3%), while 90.0% exhibited high adaptive modes. Coping mechanisms were positively associated with adaptive modes (β = 0.492, p < 0.001), indicating that higher levels of coping mechanisms were associated with better adaptive modes.
Conclusions: Coping mechanisms were significantly associated with adaptive modes among adults with hypertension. These findings support the application of the Roy Adaptation Model in hypertension care and highlight the importance of nursing interventions that strengthen adaptive coping strategies to promote patients' adaptive responses.
References
Abadi, R. M., Mohammed, H. J., & Kadhim Hussein Jassim, R. N. (2020). Psychosocial burdens of hypertensive patients. Medico-Legal Update, 20(2), 592–596. https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v20i2.1174
Alwhaibi, M., & Balkhi, B. (2025). Health-related quality of life among adults with hypertension with or without anxiety and depression: estimates from a national US data. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-025-02422-7
Boima, V., Yorke, E., Ganu, V., Gyaban-Mensah, A., Ekem-Ferguson, G., Kretchy, I. A., & Mate-Kole, C. C. (2023). Coping strategies and resilience among patients with hypertension in Ghana. Frontiers in Psychology, Volume 13. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1038346
Bulto, L., Roseleur, J., Noonan, S., Pinero De Plaza, A., Champion, S., Dafny, H. A., Pearson, V., Nesbitt, K., Gebremichael, L., Beleigoli, A., Schultz, T., Hines, S., Clark, R., & Hendriks, J. (2023). Effectiveness of nurse-led interventions to manage hypertension and lifestyle behaviour effectively: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EP Europace, 25(Supplement_1), euad122.763. https://doi.org/10.1093/europace/euad122.763
Callis, A. M. B. (2020). Application of the Roy Adaptation Theory to a care program for nurses. Applied Nursing Research, 56, 151340.
CH, A. L. K., M, Y., B, K., N, S., P, M., & S, L. (2025). Breaking the Pressure: Hypertension Management for Lasting Health. International Journal of Current Trends in Pharmaceutical Research, 13(02), 97–104. https://doi.org/10.30904/j.ijctpr.2025.4866
Elmakki, E. (2025). The Role of Lifestyle Modifications in Preventing and Managing Systemic Hypertension: Current Guidelines and Future Directions. Annals of African Medicine, 24(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.4103/aam.aam_90_24
Endrias, E. E., Geta, T., Desalegn, B., Ataro, B. A., Israel, E., Kebede, C., Belayneh, M., Ahmed, B., Moloro, A. H., & Nigussie, G. (2024). Exploring experiences and perspectives of patients on hypertension management in Southern Ethiopia: a phenomenological study. BMC Health Services Research, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-024-12111-8
Ibrahim, A. M., Gano, F. A. E. L., Abdel-Aziz, H. R., Elneblawi, N. H., Zaghamir, D. E. F., Negm, L. M. M. A., Sweelam, R. K. M., Ahmed, S. I., Mohamed, H. A. O., & Hassabelnaby, F. G. E. (2024). Tailoring nursing interventions to empower patients: personal coping strategies and self-management in type 2 diabetes care. BMC Nursing, 23(1), 926.
Li, F., Li, M., Guo, S., Cao, Y., Zhang, Q., Cheng, T., & Li, Y. (2026). The effect of a family-centered empowerment model with traditional Chinese medicine health education on self-management in community-dwelling older adult hypertensive patients with a chance health locus of control. Frontiers in Public Health, 14, 1743254.
Liu, F., & Lu, X. (2024). Hypertension and human health: Evidence and prospects. Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine, 10(2), 89–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdt3.129
Lu, T., Shi, L., Zhang, H., Zhang, J., & Shen, Y. (2025). Effect of illness perception on self-regulatory fatigue in older adult patients with hypertension: chain-mediating role of self-efficacy and coping style. Frontiers in Public Health, 13(December), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2025.1728453
Mehta, A., Sharma, P., Petel, R., & Reddy, A. (2025). Lived Experiences of Patients with Hypertension in Managing Daily Life Challenges: A Phenomenological Study. Indonesian Journal of Health Services, 2(3), 78–86. https://doi.org/10.63202/ijhs.v2i3.112
Mugisha, E. K. (2024). International Digital Organization for Scientific Research Management and Therapeutic Intervention Hypertension : A Comprehensive Review. International Digital Organization for Scientific Research, 12–16.
Mustață, A. E. (2021). The relationships between coping mechanisms, depression, anxiety and sleep disorders in cardiovascular patients. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 21(1), 37.
Njoloma, I., Lewis, N., Sainvil, F., Einstein, G. P., Sciranka, A., & Tulp, O. L. (2021). A primer on hypertension and on the racial / ethnic disparities in diagnosis and management: a comprehensive overview. International Journal of Family & Community Medicine, 5(6), 229–239. https://doi.org/10.15406/ijfcm.2021.05.00250
Pageau, L. M., Ling, J., Given, B. A., Robbins, L. B., Deka, P., & Schlegel, E. C. (2024). Abstract P237: Relationships Among Perceived Stress, Hair Cortisol Concentration, Coping Strategies, and Blood Pressure in Young, Low-Income Adults. Circulation, 149(Suppl_1), AP237–AP237. https://doi.org/10.1161/circ.149.suppl_1.P237
Rosén, A. S. L. H., Persson, A. P. E. I., Gagnemo Persson, L. R., & Drevenhorn, A. P. E. (2022). Persons’ experiences of having hypertension: An interview study. International Journal of Nursing Studies Advances, 4, 100071. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnsa.2022.100071
Salman, L. A., & Cohen, D. L. (2021). The Effect of Behavioral Changes on the Treatment of Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 23(11), 43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11906-021-01164-3
Sidney, C. S. J., & Taubert, K. A. (2025). Global Programs and Outcomes in Arterial Hypertension Management in Countries with Developing Economies. In T. Romero, C. N. Nazal, & F. Lanas (Eds.), Global Challenges in Cardiovascular Prevention in Populations with Low Socioeconomic Status. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-79051-5
The Lancet Neurology. (2023). The global challenge of hypertension. The Lancet Neurology, 22(12), 1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00420-9
Theodoratou, M., & Argyrides, M. (2024). Neuropsychological insights into coping strategies: integrating theory and practice in clinical and therapeutic contexts. Psychiatry International, 5(1).
