Preeeklamsia: patofisiologi, diagnosis, skrining, pencegahan  dan penatalaksanaan

Nora Veri; Lia  Lajuna; Cut Mutiah; Halimatussakdiah Halimatussakdiah; Dewita Dewita

doi:10.30867/femina.v4i1.588

Authors

Nora Veri Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5099-6980
Lia Lajuna Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Cut Mutiah Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Halimatussakdiah Jurusan Keperawatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh
Dewita Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30867/femina.v4i1.588

Keywords:

Angka kematian ibu, Preeklamsia, Komplikasi kehamilan, Hipertensi

Abstract

Salah satu target dalam SDGs adalah untuk mengurangi Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) menjadi 70 kematian per 100.000 kelahiran hidup pada tahun 2030. Preeklampsia/ eklampsia merupakan penyebab kedua terbanyak kematian ibu setelah perdarahan. Prevalensi preeklampsia/ eklampsia di negara berkembang jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan di negara maju. Preeklamsia didefinisikan sebagai hipertensi gestasional yang berhubungan dengan ibu yang baru lahir atau disfungsi uteroplasenta pada kehamilan 20 minggu atau lebih. Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan terjadinya preeklampsia antara lain usia ibu usia, nuliparitas, primigravida, obesitas, riwayat diabetes melitus, riwayat hipertensi kronik, riwayat penyakit ginjal, riwayat preeklampsia, riwayat preeklampsia keluarga, jarak antar kehamilan, tingkat sosio-ekonomi yang rendah, dan penyakit autoimun. Pencegahan preeklamsia dilakukan dengan aspirin dosis rendah, antioksidan (vitamin C dan E), vitamin D, suplemen kalsium, minyak ikan, oksida nitrat suplemen, donor oksida nitrat, asam folat, penurunan berat badan, obat antihipertensi, metformin dan aktivitas fisik. Tatalaksana preeklamsia antara lain dengan kontrol tekanan darah, pencegahan kejang, terminasi kehamilan, pengaturan cairan, diet, latihan dan tindak lanjut jangka panjang.

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