Tiga beban malnutrisi dan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan anak: Tinjauan gizi dalam perspektif kebidanan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30867/femina.v5i1.830Keywords:
Gangguan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan; anemia; gondok; hipokalsemia;Abstract
Gizi buruk masih menjadi salah satu tantangan kesehatan global yang memengaruhi bayi dan anak-anak. Prevalensi malnutrisi akut dan parah di antara anak-anak di bawah 5 tahun berada di atas target WHO untuk mengurangi dan mempertahankan prevalensi di bawah 5% pada tahun 2025. Meski angka malnutrisi turun dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir, Indonesia masih memiliki angka malnutrisi ibu dan anak yang tertinggi di dunia. Indonesia juga menghadapi tiga beban malnutrisi. Tiga beban malnutrisi diakibatkan oleh rendahnya mutu makanan dan permasalahan lain, seperti kondisi ibu dan kualitas pengasuhan anak serta terbatasnya akses kepada layanan kesehatan, kebersihan, dan sanitasi yang bermutu. Kekurangan Energi Protein (KEP) merupakan keadaan kurang gizi yang disebabkan oleh rendahnya konsumsi energi dan protein dalam makanan sehari-hari atau disebabkan oleh gangguan penyakit tertentu, sehingga tidak memenuhi angka kecukupan gizi. KEP merupakan istilah umum yang meliputi malnutrition, yaitu gizi kurang dan gizi buruk termasuk marasmus dan kwashiorkor. Dampak malnutrisi pada anak diantaranya adalah: imunitas tubuh menurun, meningkatkan infeksi, keterlambatan tumbuh kembang, pertumbuhan fisik anak terganggu, perkembangan otak terganggu, masalah emosional dan perilaku, anemia, penyakit gondok, hipokalsemia dan manifestasi okular bayi.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Nora Rahman, Agus Hendra Al Rahmad, Lina, Lia Lajuna, Nurul Hajmi Effendy
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