Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) Prakehamilan dengan Kejadian KEK pada Ibu Hamil di Kecamatan Montasik Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Yusnaini; Iin Fitraniar; Lia Lajuna; Cut Yuniwati; Nurlaila Ibrahim; Nora Usrina

doi:10.30867/nasuwakes.v19i1.1325

Authors

Yusnaini Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia
Iin Fitraniar Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia
Lia Lajuna Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia
Cut Yuniwati Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia
Nurlaila Ibrahim Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia
Nora Usrina Jurusan Kebidanan Poltekkes Kemenkes Aceh, Aceh Besar, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30867/nasuwakes.v19i1.1325

Keywords:

Ibu Hamil, IMT Prakehamilan, KEK, LILA, Status Gizi

Abstract

Kekurangan Energi Kronik (KEK) pada ibu hamil masih menjadi masalah kesehatan maternal yang berdampak terhadap kesehatan ibu dan janin. Salah satu faktor yang berperan terhadap kejadian KEK adalah status gizi sebelum kehamilan yang dapat dikuru melalui Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) prakehamilan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan IMT prakehamilan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Montasik Kabupaten Aceh Besar. Penelitian menggunakan desain observasional analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 44 ibu hamil yang dipilih menggunakan teknik consecutive sampling. Data IMT prakehamilan diperoleh dari rekam medis dan buku KIA, sedangkan status KEK ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) dengan batas <23,5 cm. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α=0,05 serta perhitungan Odds Ratio (OR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagaian besar responden memiliki IMT prakehamilan tidak normal (70,5%) dan sebanyak 43,2% ibu hamil mengalami KEK. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara IMT prakehamilan dengan kejadian KEK pada ibu hamil (p=0,002). Ibu hamil dengan IMT prakehamilan tidak normal memiliki peluang 16,62 kali lebih besar mengalami KEK dibandingkan ibu hamil dengan IMT normal (OR=16,62;95%CI=1,91-144,24). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa IMT prakehamilan merupakan indikator penting dalam deteksi dini risiko KEK pada ibu hamil.

References

1. Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2018). Laporan Riskesdas 2018 Nasional.pdf. In Lembaga Penerbit Balitbangkes (p. hal 156).

2. Burnie, R., Golob, E., & Clarke, S. (2022). Pregnancy in Underweight Women: Implications, Management and Outcomes. The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist, 24(1), 50–57. https://doi.org/10.1111/tog.12792

3. Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Aceh Besar. (2023). Profil Kesehatan KabupatenAceh Besar.

4. Elisanti, A. D., Ayuninghemi, R., & Ardianto, E. T. (2021). Prototype Design of Body Mass Index Measurement for Adolescence to Prevent Chronic Energy Deficiency in Pregnancy Based on Arduino. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Social Science, Humanity, and Public Health (ICOSHIP 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210101.033

5. Fakier, A., Petro, G., & Fawcus, S. (2017). Mid-Upper Arm Circumference: A Surrogate for Body Mass Index in Pregnant Women. South African Medical Journal, 107(7), 606. https://doi.org/10.7196/SAMJ.2017.v107i7.12255

6. González-Fernández, D., Muralidharan, O., Neves, P., & Bhutta, Z. (2024). Associations of Maternal Nutritional Status and Supplementation with Fetal, Newborn, and Infant Outcomes in Low-Income and Middle-Income Settings: An Overview of Reviews. Nutrients, 16(21), 3725. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213725

7. Gudipally, M., Farooq, F., Basany, K., Haggerty, C. L., Tang, G., Kusneniwar, G. N., Jammy, G. R., Bunker, C. H., & Reddy, P. S. (2023). Impact of prepregnancy body mass index on adverse pregnancy outcomes: analysis from the Longitudinal Indian Family hEalth cohort study. AJOG Global Reports, 3(1), 100134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xagr.2022.100134

8. Helliyana, H., Aritonang, E. Y., & Sanusi, S. R. (2019). The Associations between Maternal Education, Chronic Energy Deficit, and Anemia in Pregnant Women: An Evidence from Lhokseumawe, Indonesia. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 4(5), 302–306. https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.05.02

9. Indarti, J., Wonodihardjo, H. S., Sianipar, K. A., & Antoniman, M. A. (2023). Maternal and Neonatal Outcome in Pregnant Women with Chronic Energy Deficiency in Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 11(B), 474–479. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2023.8509

10. K*, Ramana., & Jaiswal, S. (2017). Effect of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Gestational Weight Gain on Fetal Outcome. Panacea Journal of Medical Sciences, 13(3), 712–715. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.pjms.2023.130

11. Khammarnia, M., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., kakhki, F. G., Clark, C. C. T., & Barahouei, F. B. (2024). Maternal Macronutrient and Energy Intake during Pregnancy: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. BMC Public Health, 24(1), 478. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17862-x

12. Maeka, S. M. Al, Kartasurya, M. I., & Pradigdo, S. F. (2025). Impact of Maternal Chronic Energy Deficiency on Newborns in Developing Countries: A Scoping Review. Journal of Holistic Nursing Science, 12(2), 315–325. https://doi.org/10.31603/jhns.v12i2.14001

13. Marshall, N. E., Abrams, B., Barbour, L. A., Catalano, P., Christian, P., Friedman, J. E., Hay, W. W., Hernandez, T. L., Krebs, N. F., Oken, E., Purnell, J. Q., Roberts, J. M., Soltani, H., Wallace, J., & Thornburg, K. L. (2022). The Importance of Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation: Lifelong Consequences. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 226(5), 607–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.035

14. Miele, M. J., Souza, R. T., Calderon, I. M., Feitosa, F. E., Leite, D. F., Rocha Filho, E. A., Vettorazzi, J., Mayrink, J., Fernandes, K. G., Vieira, M. C., Pacagnella, R. C., & Cecatti, J. G. (2021). Maternal Nutrition Status Associated with Pregnancy-Related Adverse Outcomes. Nutrients, 13(7), 2398. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072398

15. Mishra, K., Bhatia, V., & Nayak, R. (2020). Association between Mid-Upper Arm Circumference and Body Mass Index in Pregnant Women to Assess their Nutritional Status. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(7), 3321. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_57_20

16. Mohamed, H. J. J., Loy, S. L., Mitra, A. K., Kaur, S., Teoh, A. N., Rahman, S. H. A., & Amarra, M. S. (2022). Maternal Diet, Nutritional Status and Infant Birth Weight in Malaysia: a Scoping Review. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 294. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04616-z

17. Most, J., Dervis, S., Haman, F., Adamo, K. B., & Redman, L. M. (2019). Energy Intake Requirements in Pregnancy. Nutrients, 11(8), 1812. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11081812

18. Shin, D., Lee, K., & Song, W. (2016). Pre-Pregnancy Weight Status Is Associated with Diet Quality and Nutritional Biomarkers during Pregnancy. Nutrients, 8(3), 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030162

19. Wati, E. K., Murwani, R., Kartasurya, M. I., & Sulistiyani, S. (2024). Determinants of Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) Incidence in Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Banyumas, Indonesia. Narra J, 4(1), e742. https://doi.org/10.52225/narra.v4i1.742

20. World Health Organisation (WHO). (2026). Moderate and severe thinness, underweight, overweight, obesity. https://apps.who.int/nutrition/landscape/help.aspx?menu=0&helpid=420