Allegation of research misconduct

Authors are responsible for ensuring the integrity, accuracy, and originality of their submitted research. Research misconduct includes, but is not limited to, fabrication or falsification of data, plagiarism, inappropriate image manipulation, duplicate publication, authorship misconduct, and violations of applicable research ethics requirements.

Any allegation of research misconduct will be assessed by the editorial team in a fair, objective, and confidential manner. Authors may be asked to provide explanations, supporting data, ethical approval documents, or other relevant evidence when necessary.

Depending on the nature and severity of the suspected misconduct and the evidence available, the journal may request clarification or correction, reject the manuscript, contact the authors' affiliated institutions when appropriate, or take corrective action for published articles, including issuing a correction, an expression of concern, or a retraction.

All cases will be handled in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics policy and recognized publication ethics guidelines.